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''Chenopodium berlandieri'', also known by the common names pitseed goosefoot, ''huauzontle'', and lamb's quarters, is an annual herbaceous plant in the goosefoot family. The species is widespread in North America, where it is native to Alaska and northern Canada south to Michoacán, Mexico, and including every U.S. state except Hawaii. The fast-growing, upright plant can reach heights of more than 3 m. It can be differentiated from most of the other members of its large genus by its honeycomb-pitted seeds, and further separated by its serrated, more or less evenly lobed lower leaves. Although widely regarded today as a weed, this species was once one of several plants grown by Native Americans in prehistoric North America as part of the Eastern Agricultural Complex. ''C. berlandieri'' was a domesticated pseudocereal crop, similar to the closely related quinoa ''C. quinoa''. It continues to be cultivated in Mexico as a pseudocereal, as a leaf vegetable, and for its broccoli-like flowering shoots. ==Taxonomy== The species includes two subspecies: the type subspecies (i.e. ''C. b.'' ssp. ''berlandieri'') and ''C. b.'' ssp. ''nuttalliae''. The latter, which also goes by the common names ''huauzontle'', ''huauthili'' and Nuttall's goosefoot, is a domesticated line still in cultivation in Mexico, and is distinguished by a substantial reduction in testa thickness.〔 The type species includes these varieties:〔 *''C. b.'' ssp. ''berlandieri ''var. ''berlandieri'' *''C. b.'' ssp. ''berlandieri'' var. ''boscianum'' *''C. b.'' ssp. ''berlandieri'' var. ''bushianum'' (Bush's goosefoot) *''C. b.'' ssp. ''berlandieri'' var. ''macrocalycium'' *''C. b.'' ssp. ''berlandieri'' var. ''sinuatum'' *''C. b.'' ssp. ''berlandieri'' var. ''zschackii'' (Zschack's goosefoot) Additionally, the three important cultivars of the ''C. b. nuttalliae'' subspecies are:〔 *'Huauzontle' - This cultivar is a more recent selection used in commercial cultivation for a broccoli-like crop. It is a "naked" variety and has a testa only 2-7 µm thick (cf. human hair, which is about 100 µm wide). *'Chia' - Grown as a grain crop, this cultivar is declining and is cultivated only on a local level. It also has a very thin testa, though slightly thicker than the previous at 10-20 µm. *'Quelite' - This cultivar is also grown only locally and is likewise in decline. It is cultivated for its spinach-like leaves. The principal difference between the wild and domesticated chenopodium is the thickness of the seed coat, the testa. In the domestic varieties because of human selection, the testa is less that 20 microns thick; the testa of wild chenopodium is 40 to 60 microns thick.〔Smith, Bruce D. (1995), ''The Emergence of Agriculture'', New York: Scientific American Library, p. 184〕 The species is capable of hybridizing with the related introduced European ''Chenopodium album'', which it resembles, giving the hybrid ''C. × variabile'' Aellen. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chenopodium berlandieri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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